HOW MIGHT DEVELOPING CULTURAL COMPETENCE IMPROVE MENTAL HEALTH Essay - 1

In what manner MIGHT DEVELOPING CULTURAL COMPETENCE IMPROVE MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES - Essay Example Developing social assorted variety in UK including both medicinal services professionals and customers has anyway activated critical attractive quality for change towards social capability inside the country’s human services framework. This paper examines how creating of social capability dependent on the Papadopoulos et al. may improve emotional well-being care benefits in UK. Papadopoulos et al. (1998) gives a social capability model equipped for encouraging powerful execution social ability inside the UK human services framework. The social fitness model created by Papadopoulos et al. (1998) involves five builds including social mindfulness, information on the clients’ culture, and improvement of social aptitudes, social experiences and culture want. The five develops are seen as vital to social insurance practitioners’ capacity to convey care inside patient’s social setting. The model perceives the job of culture in affecting patients’ perspective and recognition about their medical issues. The social skill model is seen as a progressing procedure that includes incorporation of the five social fitness develops to empower wellbeing specialists accomplish the capacity to convey human services benefits inside patients’ social setting (Campinha-Bacote 2002). The model underscores on the requirement for social insurance exp erts to acknowledge social assorted variety during the time spent giving consideration to their patients or customers. Socially skilled administrations develop as fundamental to improve the general medicinal services framework through acknowledgment, joining, rehearsing and esteeming social decent variety the conveyance of human services administrations. The social fitness model spotlights on guaranteeing quality administrations for socially various populaces, including arrangement of socially fitting intercessions. As per Lightburn and Sessions (2005), culture altogether decides if or when an individual looks for help, the sort of help and from

Pertuzumab Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pertuzumab - Literature audit Example This is empowered by the F-10 official to the fanciful of the IgGI that to a great extent influences epidermal development. In any case, during the extraction procedure, pertuzumab experiences certain stages. To start with, through the dimerization procedure that encourages epidermal development, HER flagging courses are enacted. It suggests that the HER2 is blended in with toxicants and different variations that are found in the monoclonal immune response (MAb). The cloning procedure, therefore, happens during the hindrance of tumors through HER dimerization. Contrastingly, the extraction procedure ought to incorporate both the structures of extracellular area and the epidermal development factor (EGF) that is instrumental in continuing the capacity of pertuzumab (Franklin et al., 2005). Another method of extraction is using ErB2 that diminishes higher metastatic potential and tumor development rates by means of restorative methodologies. Purging is the last procedure of acquiring a total measurement of pertuzumab and is portrayed by the uneven unit of fluctuating areas. The sub-atomic supplanting is similarly interrelated with the monoclonal neutralizer pertuzumab that is solidified for solvency purposes and making of reinforced modules. Generally, the administration of harmful cells requires the incorporation (EGF) antigens that are perfect with the individual accepting treatment (Jatoi and Kaufmann,

Children in the Military essays

Youngsters in the Military articles The old thought that a greater armed force will crush a littler one as a result of size is as yet predominant in todays Democratic Republic of Congo military. I can see where these nations need the individuals since they do not have the innovation, yet for what reason do they need to begin enrolling youngsters? The Democratic Republic of Congo is enrolling youngsters in their military for the sole motivation behind numbers against numbers. No genuine ability is associated with the youngsters selecting, then again, actually certainty that they make great shields. For what reason do these nations need youngsters in there armed forces? The Democratic Republic of Congo has knock up there enlisting pace of kids to a record-breaking high on account of the need of bodies in the current common war. The article says, Numerous fights are battled, and won, based on basic numerical matchless quality, thus the more youngsters that a civilian army can select, the better it considers its odds of military victory.(Guardian) This thought of numbers in the military is the means by which the militaries win their fights. The Democratic Republic of Congo essentially selects youngsters into their military since Children include the greater part Congos population(Guardian). The way that small kids as youthful eight years of age are being drafted into this military is over the top, however the genuine stunner is the thing that these kids experience during their time in this military. Kids in the military of the Democratic Republic of Congo experience terrible occasions and tribulations during their stay in the military. A large number of these kids arent just enrolled, yet in addition kidnapped and compelled to serve in the military. There are incalculable reports of kids being beguiled by troopers and stole into their military. Once in this military however, their tribulations have quite recently started. There are numerous records of troopers beating the kids, utilizing them as sex slaves, and wrong diversion. The Democratic Republic of Congo armed force lean towards having youngsters in their... <!

My Brother free essay sample

My sibling has been one of the most persuasive individuals throughout my life. I have admired him as a good example as an individual and as a Christian. He has consistently been somebody that I could converse with about anything and would get me out with anything. It was not until I was in center school and into secondary school that I truly began valuing the gift he was a major part of my life. I began acknowledging what a stunning Godly man he was. At the point when I was in center school I saw him change into a man of Christ and he motivated me to seek after a relationship with Christ and pushed me to become tested in my stroll with Christ. Before I saw his change I didn't have a genuine connection with Christ, however simply through his activities I saw what it resembled to follow Christ. He likewise pushed me to change from a government funded school to Liberty Christian. We will compose a custom exposition test on My Brother or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I saw from him the amount he was developing in the Lord and that was what I needed. He knew such a great amount about the holy book and I needed to know the real factors and become educated about Christ. I did the switch and it was probably the best choice I at any point made. I got the opportunity to be with my sibling regular and it filled my heart with joy when he would stop in the passage to determine the status of me and consistently ensure I was alright. My sibling has been such an effect on my life and I don’t even think he understands it. Since he is at school he despite everything determines the status of me basically consistently and when he gets back home for a break he will simply sit in my room and talk with me for quite a long time around evening time. He generally has a comment to make me move on the floor giggling, however he additionally consistently has something educated to state that will stay with me an incredible remainder. Despite the fact that it took me a short time to understand the gift that my sibling is, I fortunately came around and saw that he is one stunning man and I am so fortunate to have him as my elder sibling.

2018 Best Brightest Cece Ukejianya, University of Maryland (Smith)

2018 Best Brightest: Cece Ukejianya, University of Maryland (Smith) by: Jeff Schmitt on April 01, 2018 | 0 Comments Comments 1,028 Views April 1, 2018Cece UkejianyaUniversity of Maryland (Smith)I am a light bulb illuminating myself along with those around me.Fun fact about yourself: I had a video diary in high school, most people just had journals. For my last video I left myself a message to watch at the end of college, I cheated and  watched it after sophomore year and it was good like a  time warp! Very excited to watch it again this summer.Hometown: Baltimore County, MarylandHigh School: Dulaney High SchoolMajor: Accounting and FinanceMinor: No MinorFavorite Business Course: BMGT380 Business LawExtracurricular Activities, Community Work and Leadership Roles During College: Deans Student Advisory Council (DSAC) Council Member; Phi Chi Theta Business Fraternity Sergeant of Arms; Accounting and Business Association President, VP of Membership; Omicron Delta Kappa Leadersh ip Society Vice President, Events Coordinator; Smith Undergrad Student Association New Student Involvement Committee Chair; Womens Empowerment Institute Founder and CEO; Honors Ambassador Student Coordinator; Spirit of Maryland Award Recipient; Philip Merrill Scholar Award Recipient.Where have you interned during your college career? PricewaterHouse Coopers, Baltimore, Internal Revenue Services InternDeloitte, McLean, Rotational InternDeloitte, Los Angeles, Audit InternWhere will you be working after graduation? I will be working for Deloitte in their Los Angeles office as a first year audit staff.Who is your favorite professor? My favorite professor is Progyan Basu (accounting and information assurance) because I can see the joy teaching brings him in everything he does. Ive had the pleasure of seeing the bureaucratic side of academics within a business school. Often, change receives push back from professors because it is difficult to implement. However, â€Å"Basu† has alw ays been willing to continuously better his classes regardless of the difficulty if may bring him. This has allowed his class to seamlessly integrate new teaching techniques to keep his classes modern and engaging.What is the biggest lesson you gained from studying business? There is always more to learn so never stop inquiring.What advice would you give to a student looking to major in a business-related field? Find what you are passionate about and match it with what you’re good at. Business is a part of everything we do. So, for example, if you are great at graphic design and choose to major in marketing but your passionate about non-profits, you can create graphic art for non-profits.â€Å"If I didn’t major in business, I would be majoring in or studying†¦film. I love the world of production and entertainment. My absolute favorite part of this world is watching a story come to life whether in a film based on a book or a music video based on the song. This is why I’m moving to LA to focus my skills in the entertainment industry.What has surprised you most about majoring in business? I didn’t realize how broad the post-graduate opportunities for business students could be. There is so much you can do with business, so many directions you could go in. So when I chose business, it was refreshing to know I wasnt limited in my potential career options.Who most influenced your decision to pursue business in college? My mom connected the dots between my interests as a kid. At the time, I was interested in fashion but I didnt quite like modeling or piecing outfits together. However, I was good at numbers. So she suggested I think about going into the business side of fashion which to me meant marketing. It wasnt until the latter half of high school that I discovered accounting.Which academic, extracurricular or personal achievement are you most proud of? Last semester, I was awarded the Spirit of Maryland Award. This was my proudes t moment because to me it signified that I made a significant impact on my campus. To me, positive meaningful impact is the most valuable outcome of any tasks. However, ones perceived impact can be different from their actual impact and I worried I had perceived a level of impact that was higher than my actual meaningful impact on the campus and the students within it. Thus, the Spirit of Maryland Award served as a needed validation that I do impact others in a positive and significant way.Which classmate do you most admire? Chineme Obiefune is a fellow classmate and dear friend of mine. I admire his ability to lead fearlessly and passionately. One of the hardest aspects of being a leader is doing the right thing even if its unpopular and mobilizing your followers in that direction. As a people pleaser, that is my biggest weakest. Seeing Chineme do it so effortlessly is admirable.Who would you most want to thank for your success? I would thank Jesus first and foremost but my mom is a close second. She worked at two hospitals as an emergency pediatric physician just to send my siblings and I to private school. As a single parent and sole provider, she had to make personal sacrifices so that my siblings and I did not have to. I always admired how selfless she was. Because of this, I started my first job at 16 and applied for my first credit card at 18. It taught me the value of money and how to properly spend it. I also learned how to balance many things at once. All these skills and opportunities would not have been possible without my mom, so she is who I am the most thankful too.What would your theme song be? â€Å"Living out Loud† by Brooke Candy because the song is about living your life the only way you can which is boldly and unapologetically. Although I cannot say that I do that every day all day, it is a goal of mine. That is what makes it my theme song.What are the top two items on your bucket list? Jump out of a plane, visit a natural wonder of the worldFavorite book: A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled HosseiniFavorite movie: Hidden FiguresFavorite vacation spot: Cape Town, South AfricaWhat are your hobbies? Making video montages of trips, dancing (terribly), and watching television.What made Cece such an invaluable addition to the Class of 2018?   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Unbeknownst to many, CeCe joined the Smith family in the summer before her senior year of high school in our inaugural LEAD summer high school business program. Instantly, we knew she would be an unstoppable force in the Smith school and she has proven us right. From QUEST Honors program, President of the Accounting and Business Association, longstanding member of the Dean’s Student Advisory Council, active member in the Smith Undergraduate Student Association, and leader in ODK, Phi Chi Theta Business Fraternity and Theta Nu chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incorporated, to name just a few.These accolades pale in comparison to her big heart, infectious la ugh and genuine spirit.  Ã‚  CeCe embodies the extraordinary character, unwavering determination and hard work ethic found in only our top Smith students.While many students entering their final year are busy interviewing for jobs and participating  less  in the campus community, CeCe has been tenaciously working towards the creation of Smith’s newest organization,  Womens Empowerment Institute. Intertwining her passions to see women thrive in the business world, it is clear CeCe has left an indelible legacy for future Smith students as she embarks on her next adventure on the west coast.†Victor C. Mullins, PhD Associate Dean, Undergraduate ProgramDONT MISS: THE BEST BRIGHTEST BUSINESS MAJORS OF 2018 THE COMPLETE LIST Page 1 of 11

Project Management Methodologies as a Guiding Process - 550 Words

Project Management Methodologies as a Guiding Process for those Pursuing Project Management (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Institution:Course:Date:Instructor:Project Management Methodologies have a guiding process for those pursuing project managementIn the early periods when different business enterprises started looking for ways of simplifying the realization of benefits of businesses and organizing work into a structure and identity, the term methodology got its first definition. The main criterion was collaboration and communication which were used for establishing work relationships between departments and teams. In the framework of project management, methodology provides a planning framework, performance and project delivery of any type, nature, type and size.According to Too and Weaver (3), the framework of project management dwells on realization of change that is desired according to a particular methodological approach. Factually, the fundamental aspect that needs to be effectively managed is change. Management of projects refers to description and performance of activitie s required to meet targeted objectives of implementing and controlling change. For instance, when one writes a book, this is a project that has the objective of writing a book. This particular objective can be achieved through procedural activities like topic definition, material collection, draft creation, typing, proofreading among others.The framework of project management is basically an organized collection of total important tasks required to write a book. To be more profound, it is an organized collection of total important knowledge about how change is made methodologically. An exact algorithm is not described in terms of managing a given project but rather a provision of wide overview of a variety of methods that are different, processes, rules and standards. Based on this, the methodology of project management is a level of the framework of project management. With respect to managing various project types, different methods and approaches can be used in management process .All project methodology types can be divided into modern and traditional approaches. Examples of methodology depend on the type of project, nature and size so as to select correct methodology. Some common methodologies of project management include; even though a complete guide to the body of project management is not a methodology of project management in "pure stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , most people take it as an approach of methodology with respect to executing, planning, controlling as well as terminating different projects (Frames 12).Under controlled environments, PRINCE2 Projects presents a process-driven methods as well as approaches that are documentation-oriented and they allow various projects to be driven in private sectors. The government of UK developed it and nowadays it is widely used in UK and globally. Critical Path Method (CPM) discovers the most vital project tasks by defining activity sequences and estimating extended duration of every sequence. It assists to figure out the duration of time it will consume to finalize the work and the tasks (Collyer 3).The methodology of Lean project management anticipates boosting the value of the customer and minimizing wastage of resources. Lean project management enables enterprises to develop bette...

Various Models of Consumer Behaviour - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2767 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction This study uncovered that the field of consumer behaviour represents a broad ranging category where marketers seek to understand individual and group motivations, reactions and responses to varied product and service situations (Solomon et al, 2009). It found the processes and activities undertaken by consumers regarding the stages and steps of the decision and buying process (Gupta et al, 2004). The cognitive approach was found to look at consumer perceptions in processing information that acknowledges social and environmental experiences (Watson and Spence, 2007). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Various Models of Consumer Behaviour" essay for you Create order Humanistic models delve into behavioural perspectives as opposed to the perception aspects of the cognitive approach. The above summary of the two major consumer categories represented the basis for understanding how they guide the differing models and theories under each. It was ascertained that in terms of cognitive and humanistic, the varied theories and models under them all have special attributes. These represent the basis for the selection of the theory or model suited to individual product or service categories. Cognitive Models Bray (2008) explained that the cognitive approach is credited to Hebbs Stimulus Organism Response model that was introduced in the early 1950s. Hebbs model states that there is a linear relationship concerning the impact of stimuli. This concept has been criticised by Kahle and Close (2006) along with Tyagi and Kumar (2004), who state that the Hebbs model lacks the capacity to account for past experiences as its shortcoming. Bray (2008) explains that people usually respond to the cognitive aspects of their environments, and that these cognitive areas are related to the parameters and processes of learning. He adds that feelings, behaviours and thoughts are connected in a casual manner. Regarding behavioural facets, it emphasises processes connected to human behaviour such as environmental stimuli and their behavioural responses (Zimmerman, 2008). Cognitive Model Consumer Decision Consumer decisions under the cognitive designation consist of three models (Bauer et al, 2006). These represent the utility, satisficing, and prospect theories (Steel and Konig, 2006). The utility theory proposes that people make their decisions based upon expected outcomes (Steel and Konig, 2006). It also views consumers as actors that are rational and able to foresee or estimate the potential outcomes of decisions they make that include the potential for uncertainty. This is a flaw in the utility theory as the unknown end utility functionality of a purchase is debatable at best. Cognitive Model Satisficing Model The satisficing model is a newer alternative to the utility model that was first proposed in the 1700s by Nicholas Bernoulli (Richrme, 2005). It represents larger and longer term consumer decisions. In many cases, good enough is the explanation for this type of decision process (Richrme, 2005). Elements of the utility theory are included in the satisficing model, but since the decision is made less often, consumers tend to accept a different basis for purchase or decision making then those products that are replaced more often (Richrme, 2005). The limitations of funds to purchase exactly what one prefers is a constraint under this consumer behavioural model that in most cases causes consumers to settle as opposed to optimising their decision to meet all of their wants and desires (Bray, 2008). Bray (2008) argues that in many causes the optimal purchase cannot be determined, and that consumers tend to lack the capacity to find the best purchase option. Cognitive Model Prospect Theory The prospect theory was developed in the mid 1970s by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman (Sirakaya and Woodside, 2005). It added value to replace utility. Value represents a point of reference that consumers can use to determine the gains or losses from a purchase (Camerer et al, 2011). The prospect theory helps to explain aspects of consumer behaviour that are not completely explained under the utility theory. These represent the emotional connection and the potential that the extent of a problem is not fully understood (Sirakaya and Woodside, 2005). These are strengths of the prospect theory over the utility and satisficing theories. Camerer et al (2011) found that the prospect theory might predict outcomes that are not accurate due to the fact it does not consider the characteristics of decision makers regarding their past history, and the context of the decision areas represented by the type of purchase (large versus small ticket items in terms of price or frequency). Cognitive Models Theory of Buyer Behaviour The theory of buyer behaviour represents an approach to analyse and predict the method that consumers use in making their purchase decisions (Pickton and Broderick, 2005). In many cases, a consumer will use a generic decision making model (Pickton and Broderick, 2005). The first step generally represents them conducting research on varied products and prices. In most cases the process is prompted by replacing a product the consumer already owns that has become outdated or no longer works (Calonius, 2006). In order to understand the considerations in the process, the following provides an illustration of the factors: Figure 1 Model of Consumer Buying Considerations Affecting the Buying Process (Friesner, 2014, p. 1) Friesner (2014) adds that understanding consumer buyer behaviour entails how it links to the marketing mix represented by price, place, promotion and product. He advises that marketers and consumers are intertwined as the former modify their approaches to c reate a climate for consumer action, and that that the reaction of consumers causes continued modifications to the 4Ps. The above explains the strength and weakness of buying behaviour as it is based on the parameters of past and current consumer motivations, and actions. This same strength also represents a weakness as new products; better information availability (such as the Internet) and shifting product reputations mean that buying behaviour patterns and rationales are consistently changing (Calonius, 2006). Cognitive Models Theory of Reasoned Action The theory of reasoned action is a method to predict behaviour, attitude and intention (Cooke and French, 2006). It separates intention from behavioural aspects that provide the framework to explain the impact of attitude (Hale et al, 2002). The main tenets are based on attitude, behavioural intention and subjective norm (Cooke and French, 2006). Attitude represents the beliefs formed by a consumer concerning a behavioural approach that include the assessment of what the consequences might be. Behavioural intention looks at the strength of an individuals intention in performing a behaviour, with the subjective norm representing perceived expectations based on other people or groups, and how a person measures up to these norms (Cooke and French, 2006). The weakness of reasoned action is that the sum of the comparison group forms the basis for measurement. If the intentions, subjective norms or attitude are improperly gathered, it negatively affects the outcome. Cognitive Models Theory of Planned Behaviour The theory of planned behaviour connects behaviour and beliefs (Ajzen, 2011). It is an improvement on the theory of reasoned action as it adds perceived behavioural control to attitude, behavioural intention and subjective norm (Ajzen, 2011). The addition of perceived behavioural control looks into the perceptions individuals carry regarding their capability to perform a type of behaviour (Kraft et al, 2005). This is the strength of the theory as it delves into the potential presence of factors that may impede or aid behaviour performance. Conversely, it also represents a weakness because if the perception does not accurately reflect actual behavioural control, it can cause incorrect conclusions or assumptions (Kraft et al, 2005). Humanistic Models Humanistic models of consumer behaviour are close to the behavioural perspective with some key differences (Wong, 2006). It is defined by Davis and Palladino (2010) as focusing on areas that can be observed and emphasises the learned nature of such behaviours. The humanistic model places emphasis on the individual and their psychodynamic determinants that consist of behaviours that can be observed and their reaction to external stimuli (Wong, 2006). Humanistic models also take into account the psychology represented by Maslows hierarchy of needs that observed people tend to be motivated by rewards or unconscious desires (Koltko-Rivera, 2006). Figure 2 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (Burton, 2012, p. 1) Maslow refers to the four bottom tiers as representing deficiency needs (Anderson, 2014). He explains that individuals become anxious when these needs are not met or if they are under threat. The top tier represents growth as it permits individuals to employ self-actuali sation that include independence, objectivity, awareness, creativity and honesty (Anderson, 2014). Bourdieu (Trigg, 2004) along with Rouse (2004) and others have criticised Maslows hierarchy of needs as being too schematic (meaning too planned or structured) and as lacking in scientific principles. Others such as Oleson (2004) and Dye et al (2005) state it provides a useful theory and intuitive guide to understand aspects of human motivation. The humanistic approach and its models represent that people have the capacity to guide and shape their destiny and thinking to design courses of action they can follow or amend as circumstances or situations change (Davis and Palladino, 2010). Humanistic Models Theory of Trying The theory of trying represents a consumer seeking to act on a particular thought or series of thoughts connected to a potential purchase (Ahuja and Thatcher, 2005). Carsrud et al (2009, p. 155) explain it as an attitude toward a reasoned action is replaced by an attitude toward trying and an intention is restricted to an intention to try. The theory integrates hierarchical goals into a behavioural context that people use to work toward a decision (Ahuja and Thatcher, 2005). It delves into the processes individuals work through in attempting to solve a selection problem that includes looking at the varied options that are available. Figure 3 The Theory of Trying (Bray, 2008, p. 27) As shown by the above, the stages contributing to the theory channel into intention to try before being considered or actualised. The issue with the theory is that it represents a subjective process that seeks to identify a switch in consumer intention from attitude to trying (Ahuja and Thatcher, 2005). This entails opinions based on the recorded intentions or attitudes of individuals that might have been perceived incorrectly. The other aspect that represents a weakness is that it is skewed toward the evaluation of the potential consumption patterns of individuals as opposed to their buying behaviour (Ahuja and Thatcher, 2005). Humanistic Models Model of Goal Directed Behaviour The model of goal-directed behaviour was build on the tenets of the theory of planned behaviour as it advances the aspect of goals as its main foundation rather than behaviours (Hagger and Chatzisarantis, 2007). Desire is a critical component as its represents a driving force: Figure 4 Model of Goal Directed Behaviour (Bray, 2008, p. 28) The model of goal-directed behaviour is complex due to attitude, positive and negative anticipated emotions and subjective norms contributing to desires. As shown in the above figure, desire is a critical component that also represents a potential source of misunderstanding as it is a subjective area that can easily be misconstrued concerning consumer behaviour. Conclusion This exploration of cognitive and humanistic models uncovered that the varied theories and approaches under each has their own unique attributes. It was also found that each tends to have specific attributes that fit varied situations or circumstances based on what marketers are seeking to uncover to utilise in the development of campaigns and approaches to generating sales. The cognitive approach seeks to uncover experiences, feelings, values, expectations and thoughts consumers develop and use as a part of their decision, and reasons for action. The three approaches under consumer decision making primarily represent rational (utility), expectations (satisficing) and value (prospect) approaches. The theory of buyer behaviour is a complex process that is influenced by marketing (the 4Ps), along with purchase considerations and psychological aspects that include perception and learning. The deeper a marketer elects to explore the above leads to using the theory of reasoned action that seeks to separate intention from behavioural aspects. This can thus be used to delve into the theory of planned behaviour that adds attitude and perceived behavioural aspects. Whilst the humanistic models concerning consumer behaviour have a close affinity to behavioural perspectives, they place more emphasis on psychodynamic aspects and individuals using phenomenon that is observable and learned from such behaviours. Maslows hierarchy of needs explained that the self actualisation phase as the top tier was applicable under the humanistic approach as it represents the stage where base needs no longer control decisions. The theory of trying demonstrates the above as it represents a consumer seeking to act on a particular thought as the means to decide on a selection using hierarchical goals. Goal directed behaviour is more personally motivated as it utilises desires as a core component in the process. It was found that each of the theories and models examined under cognit ive and humanistic approaches had their strengths and shortcomings. This is because each of these models are based on differing approaches such as uncovering experiences, feelings, values, expectations and thoughts under cognitive, compared to psychodynamic and individuals observable phenomenon for humanistic. This study brought out that no one model or theory adequately explores or explains consumer decision making or behaviour, but that through combinations, marketers can arrive at more comprehensive understandings. References Ahuja, M., Thatcher, J. (2005) Moving beyond intentions and toward the theory of trying: effects of work environment and gender on post-adoption information technology use. MIS Quarterly. 29(3). pp. 433-437. Ajzen, I. (2011) The theory of planned behaviour: Reactions and reflections. Psychology and Health. 26(9). pp. 1115-1116. Anderson, A. (2014) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. The Prairie Light Review. 36(2). pp. 4-6. Bauer, H., Sauer, N., Becker, C. (2006) Investigating the relationship between product involvement and consumer decision-making styles. Journal of Consumer Behaviour. 5(4). pp. 348-351. Bray, J. (2008) Consumer Behaviour Theory: Approaches and Models. (online) Available at https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/10107/1/Consumer_Behaviour_Theory_-_Approaches_%26_Models.pdf Burton, N. (2012) Our Hierarchy of Needs. (online) Available at https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/hide-and-seek/201205/our-hierarchy-needs Calonius, H. (2006) Contemporary Research in M arketing: A Market Behaviour Framework. (online) Available at https://www.udec.edu.mx/BibliotecaInvestigacion/Documentos/2009/Febrero/Mercadotecnia%20investigaci%C3%B3n%20contempor%C3%A1nea.pdf Camerer, C., Loewenstein, G., Rabin, M. (2011) Advances in Behavioral Economics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Carsrud, A., Brannback, M., Elfving, J. amp; Brandt, K. (2009) Motivations: The Entrepreneurial Mind and Behaviour. In Carsrud, A. amp; Brannback, M. Understanding the Entrepreneurial Mind: Opening the Black Box. New YorkSpringer Publications. Cooke, R., French, D. (2006) How well do the theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behaviour predict intentions and attendance at screening programmes? A meta-analysis. Psychology and Health. 23(7). pp. 751-754. Davis, S., Palladino, J. (2010) Psychology. New York: Pearson Education. Dye, K., Mills, A., Weatherbee, T. (2005) Maslow: man interrupted: reading management theory in context. Management Decision. 43( 10). pp.1385 1393. Friesner, T. (2014) Consumer Buyer Behaviour. (online) Available at https://www.marketingteacher.com/consumer-buyer-behaviour/ Gupta, A., Su, B., Walter, Z. (2004) An Empirical Study of Consumer Switching from Traditional to Electronic Channels: A Purchase-Decision Process Perspective. International Journal of Electronic Commerce. 8(3). pp. 134-137. Hagger, M. amp; Chatzisarantis, N. (2007) Social Psychology of Exercise and Sport. London: McGraw-Hill International. Hale, J., Householder, B., Greene, K. (2002) The theory of reasoned action. In Dillard, J., Pfau, M. The persuasion handbook: Developments in theory and practice. Thousand Oaks Sage Publications. Kahle, L., Close, A. (2006) Consumer Behaviour Knowledge for Effective Sports and Event Marketing. New York: Taylor and Francis. Koltko-Rivera, M. (2006) Rediscovering the later version of Maslows hierarchy of needs: Self-transcendence and opportunities for theory, research, and unification. Review of General Psychology. 10(4). pp. 308-311. Kraft, P., Rise, J., Sutton, S., Raysamb, E. (2005) Perceived difficulty in the theory of planned behaviour: Perceived behavioural control or affective attitude? British Journal of Social Psychology. 44(3). pp. 481-484. Oleson, M. (2004) Exploring the relationship between money attitudes and Maslows hierarchy of needs. International Journal of Consumer Studies. 28(1). pp. 81-82. Pickton, D., Broderick, A. (2005) Integrated Marketing Communications. London: Prentice Hall. Richrme, M. (2005) Consumer Decision-Making Models, Strategies, and Theories, Oh My! (online) Available at https://www.bj.decisionanalyst.com/Downloads/ConsumerDecisionMaking.pdf Rouse, K. (2004) Beyond Maslows hierarchy of needs what do people strive for? Performance Improvement. 43(10). pp. 27-31. Sirakaya, E., Woodside, A. (2005) Building and testing theories of decision making by travellers. Tourism Management. 26(6). pp. 819-821. Solomon, M. , Zaichlowsky, J., Polegato, R. (2009) Consumer Behaviour: Buying, Having, and Being. New York: Prentice Hall. Steel, P., Konig, C. (2006) Integrating Theories of Motivation. Academy of Management Review. 31(4). pp. 851-857. Trigg, A. (2004) Deriving the Engel Curve: Pierre Bourdieu and the Social Critique of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. Review of Social Economy. 62(3) pp. 395-397. Tyagi, C., Kumar, A. (2004) Consumer Behaviour. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers Watson, L., Spence, M. (2007) Causes and consequences of emotions on consumer behaviour: A review and integrative cognitive appraisal theory. European Journal of Marketing. 41(6). pp.497 501. Wong, P. (2006) Existential and Humanistic Theories. In Jay, T., Segal, D., Hersen, M. Comprehensive Handbook of Personality and Psychopathology: Personality and Everyday Functioning. Hoboken: John Wiley amp; Sons Inc. Zimmerman, B. (2008) Investigating Self-Regulation and Motivation: Historical Background, Methodological Developments, and Future Prospects. American Educational Research Journal. 45(1) pp. 171-175.